Valvular Heart Disease

Heart valves regulate the unidirectional flow of blood. When they fail — either by stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) — the heart’s efficiency drops, sometimes dramatically.

Severe Valvular Disease Can Cause :

Valve repair

preferred whenever feasible; preserves the native valve and avoids lifelong anticoagulation

Valve replacement

using biological (tissue) or mechanical prostheses when repair isn’t possible

The choice between repair and replacement depends on valve pathology, patient age, comorbidities, and personal preferences. Increasingly, minimally invasive and transcatheter techniques (e.g., TAVR, TMVR) are expanding options, sometimes eliminating the need for open-heart surgery altogether.